"Table S2. List of tentative species of Asian pit vipers and outgroups use in this study. The table contains the museum voucher numbers, geographic locations and loci used in this study. ‘*’ Indicates non-lethal sampling. ",,,,, Tentative species identity,Voucher no.,Geographic location,Cytb,16S,ND4 C. macrolepis,CESS014,"Vellimalai, PTR, Kerala, India",_,MT764116,_ C. anamallensis,CESS166,"Kerala, India ",MT762224,MT764134,MT762257 C. anamallensis,CESS178,"Kerala, India ",MT762225,MT764136, C. anamallensis,CESS181,"Kerala, India ",MT762226,MT764137,MT762259 C. gramineus,CESS033,"Kandhamal, Odisha, India",MT762207,MT764118,MT762247 C. gramineus,CESS056*,"Amboli, Maharashtra, India",MT762212,MT764123,MT762250 C. gramineus,CESS100,"Maharashtra, India",MT762215,MT764126,MT762252 C. gramineus,CESS101,"Maharashtra, India",MT762216,MT764127,MT762253 C. gramineus,CESS102,"Maharashtra, India",MT762217,_,_ C. gramineus,CESS147*,"Kandhamal, Odisha, India",MT762221,MT764131,MT762256 C. gramineus,CESS285*,"Andhra Pradesh, India",MT762235,MT764145,MT762264 C. gramineus,CESS369*,"Kandhamal, Odisha, India",MT762237,MT764147,MT762266 C. gramineus ,CESS378*,"Kandhamal, Odisha, India",MT762238,MT764148,MT762267 C. macrolepis,CESS015,"Vellimalai, PTR, Kerala, India",MT762206,MT764117,MT762246 C. macrolepis,CESS170,"Kerala, India ",_,MT764135,MT762258 C. macrolepis,CESS190,"Kerala, India ",MT762227,MT764138,MT762260 C. macrolepis,CESS256,"Devarmala, Tamil Nadu, India",MT762231,MT764141,MT762261 C. macrolepis,CESS527*,"Kerala, India ",MT762242,MT764152,MT762269 C. malabaricus,CESS054*,"Amboli, Maharashtra, India",MT762210,MT764121,_ C. malabaricus,CESS055,"Amboli, Maharashtra, India",MT762211,MT764122,_ C. malabaricus,CESS086,"Karnataka, India",MT762214,MT764125,_ C. malabaricus,CESS154*,"Karnataka, India",MT762222,MT764132,_ C. malabaricus,CESS225*,"Wayanad, Kerala, India",MT762229,_,_ C. malabaricus,CESS226*,"Wayanad, Kerala, India",MT762230,MT764140,_ C. malabaricus,CESS273,"Karnataka, India",MT762234,MT764144, C. malabaricus,CESS515*,"Karnataka, India",MT762240,MT764150,_ C. malabaricus,CESS525*,"Karnataka, India",MT762241,MT764151,_ C. malabaricus ,CESS053,"Amboli, Maharashtra, India",MT762209,MT764120,MT762249 C. malabaricus ,CESS141,"Kerala, India ",MT762219,MT764129,_ C. malabaricus ,CESS155*,"Karnataka, India",MT762223,MT764133,_ C. malabaricus ,CESS223*,"Wayanad, Kerala, India",MT762228,MT764139,_ C. occidentalis,CESS040,"Karnataka, India",MT762208,MT764119,MT762248 C. occidentalis,CESS272,"Karnataka, India",MT762233,MT764143,MT762263 C. peltopelor sp. nov.,CESS108,"Kerala, India ",MT762218,MT764128,MT762254 C. septentrionalis,CESS388,"Foothills of Himalayas, India",MT762239,MT764149,MT762268 C. strigatus,CESS142,"Kerala, India ",MT762220,MT764130,MT762255 C. travancoricus sp. nov.,CESS074,"Kerala, India ",MT762213,MT764124,MT762251 C. travancoricus sp. nov.,CESS257,"Devarmala, Tamil Nadu, India",MT762232,MT764142,MT762262 Protobothrops kaulbacki,CESS214,"Arunachal Pradesh, India",MT762243,MT764154,MT762272 P. mucrosquamatus,CESS234,"Arunachal Pradesh, India",MT762244,MT764155,MT762273 P. jerdonii,CESS235,"Arunachal Pradesh, India",MT762245,MT764156,MT762274 Trimeresurus salazar,CESS331,"Meghalaya, India",MT762236,MT764146,MT762265 T. salazar,CESS535*,"Chhattisgarh, India",_,MT764153,MT762270 T. salazar,CESS604*,"Northeast India, India",_,_,MT762271 C. gramineus,B261,"Maharashtra, India",AY352762,AY352732,AY352828 C. borneensis,B301,Malaysia,AY352754,AY352722,AY352817 C. trigonocephalus,RAP0453,Sri Lanka,KC347479,KC347374,_ C. puniceus,B392,Indonesia,AY352757,AF517177,AY352820 Popeia. popeiorum,FMNH258950,"Phongsaly province, North Laos",AY059571,AY059554,AY059590 P. nebularis,LSUHC10268,_,KX660506,KX660236,KX660634 P. popeiorum,B419 ,"Mon State, Myanmar",AY371806,AY371777,AY371841 P. popeiorum,B34 ,"Phetburi province, Thailand","AY059572,",AY059558,AY059591 P. popeiorum,B196,"Phongsaly province, North Laos",AY059571,AY059554,AY059590 P. buniana,LSUHC6118,-,KX660502,KX660233,KX660631 P. sabahi,B361 ,"Sumatra, Indonesia",AY371801,AY371769,AY371837 P. sabahi,A203 ,"Nakhon si Thammarat, Thailand",AY371796,AY059553,AY059588 P. sabahi,_,"Sumatera Utara Prov., Indonesia",KP899266,_,KP939324 P. sabahi,B361,West Sumatra,AY371801,AY371769,AY371837 P. sabahi,LSUHC5608,_,KX660503,KX660234,KX660632 P. sabahi,A203,"Thung Song, Thailand",AY371796,AY059553,AY059588 Parias flavomaculatus,B4,Philippines,AY352764,AY352734,AY352830 Pa. hageni,B33,"Songkhla Prov., Thailand",AY059567,AY059552,AY059585 Pa. malcolmi,B349,"Sabah, Malaysia",AY371832,AY371786,AY371861 Pa. mcgregori,B289,"Batan islands, Philippines",AY371831,AY371795,AY371858 Pa. schultzei,B210,"Palawan, Philippines",AY352756,AY352725,AY352819 Pa. sumatranus,B367,"Bengkulu province, Sumatra",AY371824,AY371791,AY371864 Sinovipera. sichuanensis,GP7,"Sichuan Province, China",HQ850447,HQ850446,HQ850449 T. albolabris,GP979,"Guangxi, China",KP999422,_,KP999516 T. albolabris,ROM27475,"Kontum, Vietnam",KP999428,_,KP999522 T. albolabris,CAS222595,"Mon State, Myanmar",KP999354,_,KP999449 T. albolabris,A157,Hong Kong,AF171884,AY352744,AY352839 T. albolabris,ROM35323,"Cao Bang, Vietnam",KP999438,_,KP999531 T. albolabris ,MCZR177966,Hong Kong,AY223567,AF057242,U41890 T. albolabris ,B22 ,"Nonthaburi, Central Thailand",AF517189,AF517178,AF517221 T. albolabris ,B6 ,"Cilacap, West Java",AF517186,AF517171,AF517213 T. albolabris ,B47,"West, Thailand ",AF517187,AF517173,AF517216 T. cardamomensis,LSUHC10089,_,_,KX660220,KX660618 T. caudornatus ,AR1238,Southwest China,MK575036,MK575042,MK575038 T. caudornatus ,AR1239,Southwest China,MK575037,MK575043,MK575039 T. cf albolabris,CAS243051,Myanmar ,KP999360,_,KP999454 T. cf albolabris,CAS243144,Myanmar,KP999362,_,KP999456 T. cf albolabris,CAS215604,Myanmar,KP999350,_,KP999445 T. cf albolabris,CAS234852,"Chin State, Myanmar",KP999356,_,KP999450 T. cf albolabris,CAS215540,"Sagaing Div., Myanmar",KP999349,_,KP999444 T. cf albolabris,CAS232480,"Mandalay Div., Myanmar",KP999355,_,_ T. cf caudornatus ,CAS216173 ,"Mandalay Div., Myanmar ",KP999352,_,KP999447 T. erythrurus ,B220,"Chittagong district, Bangladesh","AY352768, ",AY352739,"AY352834," T. fasciatus,B212,"Tanadjampea Island, Indonesia",GQ428475,GQ428466,GQ428482 T. honsonensis,LSUHC8602,_,_,KX660222,KX660620 T. insularis,B7,"West Timor, Indonesia.",AY059568,AY059550,AY059586 T. insularis,A109 ,Indonesia,AY352767,AY352738,AY352833 T. kanburiensis,B522,"Kanchanaburi province, Thailand",AY289225,AY352737,AY289231 T. macrops ,B27,"Bangkok, Central Thailand",AF517184,AF517219,AF517176 T. purpureomaculatus ,B418,Myanmar,AY352772,AY352746,AY352841 T. rubeus,B564,_,_,KR021145,KR021079 T. salazar,BNHS3554,"Arunachal Pradesh, India",_,MN684366,MN686204 T. salazar,BNHS3555,"Arunachal Pradesh, India",_,MN684365,_ T. septentrionalis,A100,Nepal,AF171909,AY059559,AY059592 T. septentrionalis,B487,Nepal,AY352755,AY352724,AY352818 T. venustus ,A241,Thailand,AF171914,AY352723,AY293930 Viridovipera medoensis ,CAS221528,"Kachin state, Myanmar",AY352765,AY352797,AY352831 V. andersonii,A77,Andaman Island.,_,AY352740,AY352835 V. gumprechti ,NMNS3113,China,AY321487,AY352736,AY352832 V. stejnegeri,A160,"Taipei, Taiwan",AF171896,AY059555,AY059593 V. stejnegeri,NMNS3651,"Fujian province, China",AF277677,AY059557,AY059594 V. truongsonensis,B659,_,EU443815,EU443818,EU443816 V. vogeli,B125,"Southern Laos, Laos",AY059581,AF517183,AF517225 V. yunnanensis,SCUM035045,China,EF597522,EU443812,EF597527 V. yunnanensis,SCUM035114,"Sichuan, China",EF597523,EU443814,EF597528 H. tibetanus,B258,Nepal,AY352749,AY352715,AY352810 Himalayophis arunachalensis,APF/SFRI-1871,"Arunachal Pradesh, India",MK720609,MK722155,_